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- 2018年(nián)終盤點：互聯網保險創新和監管調試中穩步前行
根據2018年(nián)10月份下發的《互聯網保險業務監管辦法（草稿）》（業界稱爲“《征求意見(jiàn)稿》”），互聯網保險業務是指保險公司、保險中介機(jī)構依托互聯網和移動通信等技術(shù)，通過自(zì)營網絡平台、第三方網絡平台等訂立保險合同、提供保險服務的業務。截至2017年(nián)末，全國共有117家保險公司經營互聯網保險，占保險公司總量的52.7％。
2018年(nián)互聯網保險業務依然延續了近年(nián)來(lái)的迅猛發展趨勢，互聯網與保險進一步融合，人(rén)工(gōng)智能、大(dà)數據、區塊鏈等技術(shù)加速向保險行業滲透，保險業務的數字化轉型正迸發出蓬勃生機(jī)。據統計(jì)，2018年(nián)前三季度，易安保險、衆安保險、泰康在線、安心保險四大(dà)互聯網保險公司，實現原保險保費收入64.64億元，同比增長133.77％，遠(yuǎn)高于行業平均增速。回顧2018年(nián)，我們看(kàn)到，互聯網保險業務在行業創新和監管調試中穩步前行。
一、金融監管體(tǐ)制改革下的互聯網保險監管
年(nián)初，保險行業監管格局發生變化。2018年(nián)3月召開的十三屆全國人(rén)大(dà)一次會議(yì)審議(yì)并通過了《國務院機(jī)構改革方案》，該方案将中國銀行業監督管理(lǐ)委員(yuán)會和中國保險監督管理(lǐ)委員(yuán)會的職責整合，組建中國銀行保險監督管理(lǐ)委員(yuán)會，其主要職責是，依照(zhào)法律法規統一監督管理(lǐ)銀行業和保險業，維護銀行業和保險業合法、穩健運行，防範和化解金融風(fēng)險，保護金融消費者合法權益，維護金融穩定。同時，将中國銀行業監督管理(lǐ)委員(yuán)會和中國保險監督管理(lǐ)委員(yuán)會拟訂銀行業、保險業重要法律法規草案和審慎監管基本制度的職責劃入中國人(rén)民(mín)銀行。3月21日(rì)，中國銀行保險監督管理(lǐ)委員(yuán)會舉行成立大(dà)會。8月，銀保監會“三定”方案出爐，新的銀保監會将設26個内設職能部門(mén)加機(jī)關黨委，并設置**風(fēng)險官、**檢查官、**律師(shī)和**會計(jì)師(shī)。12月17日(rì)，銀保監會下轄的36個省（自(zì)治區、直轄市、計(jì)劃單列市）銀保監局統一挂牌。
新成立的銀保監會在監管理(lǐ)念和重點上有所調整。根據8月29日(rì)召開的銀行保險監管工(gōng)作電視電話(huà)會議(yì)，此次會議(yì)提出近期的工(gōng)作重點中首要的就(jiù)是繼續做好防範化解金融風(fēng)險各項工(gōng)作，特别提出要自(zì)覺在互聯網金融風(fēng)險整治的框架下，發揮好銀行保險監管部門(mén)職責，防控處置好互聯網金融風(fēng)險；積極防範、穩妥處置好其他(tā)重點領域、重點機(jī)構風(fēng)險，牢牢守住不發生系統性金融風(fēng)險的底線。
4月25日(rì)，中國銀行保險監督管理(lǐ)委員(yuán)會網站(zhàn)還(hái)發文提示了互聯網保險的三大(dà)風(fēng)險隐患——風(fēng)險一是“吸睛”産品暗藏誤導：有的保險機(jī)構爲片面追求關注度和銷售量，存在宣傳内容不規範、網頁所載格式條款的内容不一緻或顯示不全、未明确說(shuō)明免責條款等問(wèn)題，涉嫌誤導消費者；風(fēng)險二是在線平台暗藏“搭售”：某些在線平台在其票務、酒店(diàn)預定頁面通過默認勾選的方式銷售一些保險産品，未明确列明承保主體(tǐ)或代理(lǐ)銷售主體(tǐ)，未完整披露保險産品條款等相(xiàng)關重要信息。風(fēng)險三是“高息”産品暗藏騙局：一些不法分(fēn)子利用互聯網平台虛構保險産品或保險項目，或承諾高額回報引誘消費者出資，或冒用保險機(jī)構名義僞造保單，往往涉嫌非法集資，給消費者造成經濟損失。
二、互聯網與保險進一步融合，數字化轉型加速
2018年(nián)互聯網頭部企業繼續加速布局保險業務，監管方也給予了相(xiàng)當的支持。2月24日(rì)，保監會批複美團點評實際控制的重慶金誠互諾保險經紀有限公司獲得(de)保險中介機(jī)構牌照(zhào)。7月24日(rì)，銀保監會批複同意了安聯财産保險（中國）有限公司的增資方案，增資後北京京東叁佰陸拾度電子商務有限公司持股30％。這意味着京東拿到了一塊财險保險牌照(zhào)。11月2日(rì)，京東宣布，獲中國銀保監會批準，安聯财産保險（中國）有限公司獲準更名爲京東安聯财産保險公司，這也是繼阿裡(lǐ)、騰訊後第三家互聯網巨頭拿到了保險牌照(zhào)。此外，百度、小米、美團、滴滴、今日(rì)頭條、新浪、唯品會也在加速布局保險業務。同樣值得(de)注意的是，12月20日(rì)，香港保險業監管局向保泰人(rén)壽發出首張虛拟保險牌照(zhào)。這家新型保險公司持有和使用全數碼分(fēn)銷渠道，不涉及任何保險中介。
另一方面，保險服務的數字化轉型升級也提上了監管方的日(rì)程。6月，有消息稱，監管部門(mén)拟全面推進保險服務标準化制度建設，搭建标準化制度體(tǐ)系框架，《中國保險服務标準體(tǐ)系監管制度框架》已起草完畢，正在業内進行第二次征求意見(jiàn)。框架的總體(tǐ)目标包括推進保險服務數字化轉型升級，加快(kuài)數字保險建設，構建以數據爲關鍵要素的數字保險，推動保險服務供給側改革，更好服務我國經濟社會發展和人(rén)民(mín)生活改善；框架的制度特征包括“數字化、網絡化、智能化導向”的表述。此外，中國保險學會也聯合業界成立了“保險智能風(fēng)控實驗室”，将全方位爲保險反欺詐提供專業化、智能化的解決方案，利用AI手段解決國内保險風(fēng)控的痛點，充分(fēn)發揮大(dà)數據、人(rén)工(gōng)智能、雲計(jì)算等技術(shù)優勢，爲保險業欺詐風(fēng)險的分(fēn)析和預警監測提供支持。
三、将互聯網保險納入防範化解重大(dà)風(fēng)險攻堅戰，強化監督管理(lǐ)
防控互聯網保險業務風(fēng)險是2018年(nián)監管層的主要着力點。1月17日(rì)，保監會印發關于《打赢保險業防範化解重大(dà)風(fēng)險攻堅戰的總體(tǐ)方案》的通知，《方案》提出關注利用互聯網技術(shù)推廣的、影(yǐng)響客戶信息安全的、互聯網借貸相(xiàng)關的各類新型保險業務風(fēng)險和财險公司、人(rén)身(shēn)險公司、保險中介機(jī)構與第三方網絡平台合作開展保險業務的風(fēng)險隐患，要求采取有效措施彙總并評估各類互聯網保險業務風(fēng)險，以及非法開展互聯網保險業務的風(fēng)險；提出改進互聯網保險監管制度，研究制定互聯網創新型保險業務的監管制度。
新成立的銀保監會延續了《方案》的部署。除了上述4月25日(rì)銀保監會發布的《風(fēng)險提示》外，6月4日(rì)，銀保監會還(hái)發布了《關于2017年(nián)度保險業償付能力監管工(gōng)作情況的通報》，明确指出在發展互聯網保險領域，銀保監會将重點展開險企償付能力真實性核查工(gōng)作，加大(dà)查處力度，對造假公司采取嚴厲措施；此外，互聯網保險産品在網絡平台的銷售過程中，涉嫌未明确說(shuō)明免責條款、未完整披露保險産品條款、宣傳内容不規範等問(wèn)題，也将作爲2018年(nián)金融監管部門(mén)整治的險企風(fēng)險問(wèn)題之一。同一日(rì)，銀保監會下發了《關于加強自(zì)媒體(tǐ)保險營銷宣傳行爲管理(lǐ)的通知》，要求各保險公司、保險中介機(jī)構提高對自(zì)媒體(tǐ)保險營銷宣傳行爲管理(lǐ)重要性的認識，建立健全自(zì)媒體(tǐ)保險營銷宣傳行爲管理(lǐ)制度，加強從(cóng)業人(rén)員(yuán)合規教育與職業道德教育。确保營銷宣傳信息合規準确，完善信息監控和處置機(jī)制，加大(dà)責任追究力度，落實監管責任。
在對互聯網保險的具體(tǐ)監管和執法上，也貫穿了防範風(fēng)險和從(cóng)嚴監管的要求。*典型的是11月，兩款“互聯網+互助”保險産品被監管約談，并被叫停。據其中一個産品參與方的披露，被叫停的原因是“涉嫌存在未按照(zhào)規定使用經備案的保險條款和費率、銷售過程中存在誤導性宣傳、信息披露不充分(fēn)等問(wèn)題。”在對互聯網保險的執法方面，7月4日(rì)，浙江保監局網站(zhàn)上公布了兩張有關互聯網保險的罰單，劍指虛構部分(fēn)技術(shù)服務費來(lái)支付推廣費的違法行爲等問(wèn)題。而10月18日(rì)，銀保監會對6家保險公司開出監管函，互聯網保險公司占了其中一半。
四、健全完善互聯網保險監管規範體(tǐ)系
互聯網保險的穩健發展依賴于專門(mén)監管規則體(tǐ)系的建設。2015年(nián)，原中國保監會曾印發《互聯網保險業務監管暫行辦法》，作爲互聯網保險的基本依據，但(dàn)根據原規定的施行期，該辦法将于2018年(nián)10月到期失效。因此，2018年(nián)互聯網保險監管規範體(tǐ)系建設逐步提速。9月30日(rì)，中國銀保監會印發《中國銀保監會關于繼續加強互聯網保險監管有關事(shì)項的通知》，表示正在加快(kuài)《互聯網保險業務監管暫行辦法》的修訂工(gōng)作，在新的規定出台以前，原《暫行辦法》繼續有效。《通知》既肯定了《暫行辦法》3年(nián)以來(lái)的規制價值，又面對新形勢新問(wèn)題對加強互聯網保險監管提出要求。10月中旬，銀保監會又對《互聯網保險業務監管辦法（草稿）》進行征求意見(jiàn)。征求意見(jiàn)稿放(fàng)寬了保險公司、保險中介機(jī)構和保險公估機(jī)構經營互聯網保險的區域限制；允許銀行類保險兼業代理(lǐ)機(jī)構在其自(zì)營網絡平台開展互聯網保險業務；針對互聯網保險信息披露和宣傳方面做出詳細規定；對第三方平台的資質、信用程度等方面提出了監管要求。
針對互聯網時代保險業務的新特點，今年(nián)銀保監會還(hái)着手制定保險實名登記管理(lǐ)和保險銷售行爲可(kě)回溯管理(lǐ)的有關制度并征求意見(jiàn)。其中《保險實名登記管理(lǐ)辦法》的征求意見(jiàn)稿明确，保險實名登記，是指包括第三方網絡平台在内的機(jī)構及其從(cóng)業人(rén)員(yuán)在爲投保人(rén)、被保險人(rén)、受益人(rén)辦理(lǐ)保險業務時，依照(zhào)本辦法要求核對身(shēn)份證件(jiàn)，并查驗和登記實名信息的行爲。銀保監會建立保險實名查驗登記平台，用于保險實名信息查驗、登記和保險賬戶管理(lǐ)。銀保監會委托、指導第三方機(jī)構承擔保險實名查驗登記平台的建設和運行管理(lǐ)。對于存在嚴重違法失信行爲的，将其列入聯合懲戒對象，實施聯合懲戒。如(rú)存在使用虛假身(shēn)份證件(jiàn)、冒用他(tā)人(rén)名義、提供虛假信息等行爲的，将被納入失信行爲記錄名單。
根據2017年(nián)出台的《保險銷售行爲可(kě)回溯管理(lǐ)暫行辦法》，保險公司、保險中介機(jī)構開展互聯網保險業務，依照(zhào)中國保監會互聯網保險業務監管的有關規定開展可(kě)回溯管理(lǐ)。今年(nián)7月，銀保監會下發《關于規範互聯網保險銷售行爲可(kě)回溯管理(lǐ)有關事(shì)項的通知（征求意見(jiàn)稿）》，明确規定：“保險機(jī)構通過第三方網絡平台開展互聯網保險銷售的，應在第三方網絡平台單獨設置說(shuō)明所售産品爲保險和投保意願确認界面，由投保人(rén)主動确認後進入保險機(jī)構自(zì)營平台投保流程。”根據該征求意見(jiàn)稿，互聯網保險銷售行爲可(kě)回溯管理(lǐ)涵蓋銷售界面管理(lǐ)和銷售過程記錄兩項。其中，前者指保險機(jī)構應保存銷售過程中關鍵銷售界面的内容信息及曆史修改信息，建立版本管理(lǐ)機(jī)制；後者指保險機(jī)構應保存銷售過程中客戶投保信息、操作平台、操作軌迹、操作時間，以及保險機(jī)構收到或傳遞投保人(rén)投保申請(qǐng)的時間。
--本文源自(zì)京東數字科(kē)技研究院
From :businessinsuranceU.S. commercial property/casualty rates rose 5% on average in the fourth quarter of 2019, up from 4% in the third quarter, reflecting insurers’ intent to continue to increase prices across most lines, online insurance exchange MarketScout Corp. said Monday.“Auto rate increases have been up all year long; however D&O (directors & officers) and professional rate increases have spiked significantly in the fourth quarter,” Richard Kerr, CEO of MarketScout Corp. said in a statement.Insurers are carefully analyzing their property exposures using catastrophe modeling tools, he said. “We expect many of the major property catastrophe insurers to curtail their 2020 writings in California brush and East and Gulf Coast wind areas. Naturally, this will result in higher rates to insureds,” Mr. Kerr said.D&O liability rates increased by 8.25%, while commercial auto increased 8% in the quarter, and professional liability rates were up 6%, and umbrella/excess rates were up 5.5%, according to MarketScout.Commercial property rates increased 5.25% in the quarter, and business interruption rates were up 5%, while all other lines showed smaller increases, except for workers compensation, where rates fell 1%, MarketScout said.By industry class, transportation and habitational saw the highest average rate increases at 9% and 8.25% respectively, MarketScout said.Large accounts – those with $250,001 to $1 million in premium – saw a rate hike of 5.5% in the fourth quarter, as did jumbo accounts, which have more than $1 million in premium. Small accounts – those with up to $25,000 in premium – were up 5%, while medium accounts – those with $25,001 to $250,000 in premium – were up 4.5%.The “steady trend” of upward rates reflects insurers’ plans to continue increasing prices across all lines except for workers compensation, MarketScout said.Organizer：China Insurance Digital & AI Development 2020Web:http://en.zenseegroup.com/p/560573/Contact:Ann 021-65650305
From :insurancejournalIt was a relatively quiet year for the Southeast in terms of major catastrophes compared with 2018 when Hurricane’s Michael and Florence caused major damage in the region. This year, Hurricane Dorian sideswiped the Southeast coast and made landfall on the Outer Banks of North Carolina but most of the area was spared. Still, Aon said economic damage in the U.S. and Canada was poised to approach a combined $1.5 billion.Florida spent the year recovering from Hurricane Michael, which was upgraded to a Category 5 storm by NOAA in April. Florida officials have repeatedly called on the insurance industry to speed up the recovery process, with nearly 12% of claims still open a year after the storm hit.Organizer：China Insurance Digital & AI Development 2020Web:http://en.zenseegroup.com/p/560573/Contact:Ann 021-65650305
From:businessinsuranceeinsurance renewals at Jan. 1, 2020, mainly saw single-digit increases, with some exceptions, according to reports by reinsurance brokers released Thursday.Willis Re, the reinsurance brokerage of Willis Towers Watson PLC, and Guy Carpenter & Co. LLC, a unit of Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc. both reported that year-end reinsurance renewals varied by account and region, but the retrocessional reinsurance was under pressure.Rates on line for property catastrophe reinsurance programs remained stable and property per risk pricing was driven by individual program performance, the Willis report said.Although some Lloyd’s of London syndicates took firm positions on rate increases and the London market authorized capacity decreased, that capactiy was replaced by new capital and a strong supply from other markets, Willis Re said.U.S. loss-free accounts renewed at flat to up 10% while those with losses saw increases of 10% to 50%, the Willis Re report said, which was among the largest increases. Property catastrophe accounts without losses renewed at flat to up 5%, while loss hit accounts were up 10% to 20%, Willis Re said.According to the Guy Carpenter report, the brokerage’s global property catastrophe rate on line index rose 5% in 2019.According to the Willis Re report, other large increases were seen in Central and Eastern Europe, where property programs with losses saw increases of 5% to 20%, and Canada, where such accounts renewed up 10% to 40%.Most other regions and countries saw property increases in the single or low double digits, the report said.The Jan. 1 renewals saw some “difficult” negotiations, according to a letter in the report from James Kent, global CEO, Willis Re.The Guy Carpenter report said the reinsurance market was “asymmetrical,” adding “this is certainly not a one-size-fits-all market” and while overall capacity remained adequate, “allocated capacity tightened notably in stressed classes.”Dedicated reinsurance capital rose 2% in 2019 and the year saw approximately $60 billion in global insured catastrophe losses, according to Guy Carpenter, which was significantly lower than 2017 and 2018.Alternative capital, however, contracted by approximately 7% percent “as investors were more cautious with new investments after assessing market dynamics and pricing adequacy,” Guy Carpenter said.The retrocession market “was challenged … by trapped capital, a lack of new capital and continued redemptions from third-party capital providers,” a statement issued with the Guy Carpenter report said.However, significant retrocession providers returned to the market in the past two weeks, Willis Re said.Organizer：China Insurance Digital & AI Development 2020Web:http://en.zenseegroup.com/p/560573/Contact:Ann 021-65650305
Major information technology companies in India are running the risk of termination of their $1 billion contracts following Boeing Co.’s decision to halt the production of its 737 Max jets, MoneyControl reported citing the Business Standard. Companies like Tata Consultancy Services Ltd., Infosys Ltd., HCL Technologies Ltd., Cyient Ltd. and L&T Technology Services Ltd. have outsourcing contracts with Boeing or its suppliers and Boeing’s jet crisis is expected to affect these IT companies in the short run.From:businessinsuranceOrganizer：China Insurance Digital & AI Development 2020Web:http://en.zenseegroup.com/p/560573/Contact:Ann 021-65650305
France-based eyewear maker Essilor International S.A. has discovered fraudulent activities at one of its factories in Thailand that could cause €190 million ($213 million) in financial losses to the company, The Irish Times reported citing Reuters. The company has filed complaints in Thailand and has fired all the involved employees. It hopes to recover the losses from frozen bank accounts, insurance and lawsuits.Organizer：China Insurance Digital & AI Development 2020Web:http://en.zenseegroup.com/p/560573/Contact:Ann 021-65650305
