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- 中國互聯網保險發展簡史
之前的文章(zhāng)提到了互聯網+保險是大(dà)勢所趨，那麽中國的互聯網保險是如(rú)何從(cóng)萌芽發展，到現在的欣欣向榮。今天就(jiù)來(lái)探討(tǎo)一下中國互聯網的發展簡史。
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，中國互聯網保險行業的發展截止目前可(kě)分(fēn)爲：萌芽期，起步期，探索期，積累期，發展期，爆發期。
互聯網保險的興起，歸根結底是消費者日(rì)益增值的投保需求與線下保險行業不夠完善的發展之間的沖突引發的。國内消費者的保險意識，保險理(lǐ)念随着經濟的提升有了本質上的變化。從(cóng)之前的聽到保險就(jiù)怕，就(jiù)退，逐步轉化爲希望主動了解保險，主動投保。而由于線下理(lǐ)賠慢(màn)，産品不夠豐富等原因，消費者不再滿足線下的保險産品與服務，于是乎互聯網保險應運而生。
互聯網保險發展萌芽期：1997~2004 年(nián)。該階段，互聯網保險以宣傳和科(kē)普爲主。
1997 年(nián)底，中國保險信息網誕生，是我國**面向保險市場和保險公司内部的專業中文網站(zhàn)，也是我國保險行業*早的第三方網站(zhàn)；2000 年(nián) 3 月，“ 網險網” **實現了網上投保功能；2001 年(nián) 3 月，太平洋保險開通“ 網神”，開始了真正意義上的互聯網保險業務，推出 30 多個險種。
此階段互聯網保險作爲銷售代理(lǐ)而存在，各大(dà)保險公司都(dōu)建立了自(zì)己的官方網站(zhàn)，發布保險産品的相(xiàng)關信息，但(dàn)由于互聯網金融規章(zhāng)制度尚未健全，法治環境尚不成熟，人(rén)們對于互聯網保險的認識也存在很多不足，互聯網保險對于保險公司業務發展的作用并不明顯，主要起到宣傳及普及保險知識的作用，此時互聯網保險處于萌芽期。
深化探索期：2005~2011 年(nián)，該階段保險公司開始探索電商營銷新模式
2005年(nián)是中國互聯網發展有裡(lǐ)程碑意義的一年(nián)，這一年(nián)4 月正式實施的《*******電子簽名法》标志着互聯網保險進入加速發展階段。截至 2009 年(nián)底，互聯網保費收入規模達到 77.7 億元。諸如(rú)慧擇網、向日(rì)葵網、優保網等保險網站(zhàn)紛紛湧現，作爲互聯網保險中介提供保險咨詢及産品銷售服務。
此階段，随着互聯網用戶的迅速增多，人(rén)們越來(lái)越傾向于通過互聯網來(lái)獲取金融保險産品和服務，同時各保險機(jī)構也緻力于通過創新實現新的網絡渠道的營銷，逐步探索保險電子商務營銷方式。
積累發展期：2012~2013 年(nián) 該階段互聯網保險實現了跨越式發展
自(zì) 2012 年(nián)中國保監會開始實施《保險代理(lǐ)、經紀公司互聯網保險業務監管辦法》，标志着互聯網保險走向專業化以及規範化，互聯網保險業務發展秉承透明化和信息化的原則。2012 年(nián) 8 月之後，多家公司有了更進一步的行動：平安人(rén)壽發布“ 平安人(rén)壽 E 服務” APP 客戶端；國華人(rén)壽通過“ 淘寶聚劃算” 銷售平台推出 3 款産品，短(duǎn)短(duǎn) 3 天時間内就(jiù)實現了 1.05 億元保費收入；泰康人(rén)壽則分(fēn)别與攜程、淘寶等互聯網平台合作打造互聯網保險銷售平台，取得(de)了較好成效。2013 年(nián)出現了各種互聯網金融的創新，被稱爲互聯網金融元年(nián)。其中，2013 年(nián) 6 月推出的專爲個人(rén)用戶打造的餘額增值服務——餘額寶，既有支付寶的電子支付的功能，又有貨币基金的理(lǐ)财功能，從(cóng)運營之日(rì)起規模迅速膨脹，截至 2014 年(nián) 2 月 14 日(rì)，規模突破 4000 億元。互聯網金融理(lǐ)念漸漸深入人(rén)心，也逐步顯現出巨大(dà)的影(yǐng)響力。 2013 年(nián) 11 月 6 日(rì)，由阿裡(lǐ)巴巴、中國平安、騰訊公司共同籌資建立的“ 衆安在線” 财産保險有限公司正式開業，标志着我國互聯網保險進入機(jī)構專營階段。同年(nián)，淘寶理(lǐ)财頻道**參與“ 雙十一” 活動，保險産品成爲新主角。
一階段的互聯網保險通過創新實現了跨越式發展，基于電子商務及信息技術(shù)的發展需求開發了與此相(xiàng)宜的保險險種（如(rú)退貨運費險、遊戲賬号裝備險、微信支付安全險等），主要依托第三方電子商務平台、保險公司官方網站(zhàn)、保險超市等多種方式，逐步探索出其特有的業務管理(lǐ)模式，從(cóng)而更好地爲投保人(rén)提供專業服務，打造優質體(tǐ)驗。
爆發期：2014 年(nián)至今 該階段互聯網保險迎來(lái)了全面爆發
2014 年(nián) 8 月 13 日(rì)，“ 新國十條” 的頒布給保險業未來(lái)轉型升級勾勒了新藍圖，支持保險公司積極運用現代互聯網技術(shù)進行創新，雲計(jì)算、大(dà)數據等技術(shù)無疑會帶來(lái)更多可(kě)能和無限潛力。可(kě)見(jiàn)，互聯網保險不僅僅是保險銷售渠道的轉變、升級，更是适宜保險産品的更新換代。互聯網保險需依照(zhào)互聯網的規則與模式，改變現有的保險産品、服務及運營方式，并非簡單地把傳統的保險産品移植到網上，而是需要重新構造互聯網保險關聯各方的價值體(tǐ)系和運作邏輯，開發出适合互聯網消費群體(tǐ)的保險産品
從(cóng)銷售渠道來(lái)看(kàn)，互聯網保險銷售渠道多種多樣，除了官網平台、代理(lǐ)機(jī)構建立的銷售平台，還(hái)有第三方銷售平台。其一，官網自(zì)銷有利于品牌的建立和推廣，如(rú)中國平安建立的平安直通、泰康人(rén)壽成立的泰康在線等。其二，代理(lǐ)機(jī)構建立的有類似于保險超市的專業代理(lǐ)渠道，可(kě)以提供一站(zhàn)式在線服務（如(rú)慧擇網），也有類似于銀行代理(lǐ)保險産品的網絡兼業代理(lǐ)機(jī)構。其三，第三方銷售平台包括三種：電商平台、保險咨詢平台和綜合類平台。電商平台較爲常見(jiàn)，随着人(rén)們網購(gòu)行爲的逐漸頻繁，類似淘寶保險和京東保險這類方便快(kuài)捷的投保平台日(rì)益得(de)到青睐，尤其是退貨運費險和産品質量退換險這類與網絡購(gòu)物息息相(xiàng)關的小額保險；保險咨詢平台也得(de)到進一步發展，如(rú)沃保網、向日(rì)葵保險網等，其可(kě)提供專家在線解答，100% 快(kuài)速回答，用戶可(kě)自(zì)由查詢，也可(kě)參考其他(tā)用戶的問(wèn)題及解答；綜合類平台如(rú)網易保險，是由網易公司與國内知名保險公司共同打造的一站(zhàn)式購(gòu)險平台，涵蓋健康險、旅行險、車險、意外險、家财險等各個險種，網站(zhàn)設有保險 10 元店(diàn)、理(lǐ)賠指引等，爲用戶提供便捷**的網上保險消費體(tǐ)驗。
圖表：互聯網保險不同銷售渠道的特點及案例
從(cóng)保險産品來(lái)看(kàn)，具有多樣性、個性化、創新特色的互聯網保險産品層出不窮。一方面諸如(rú)“ 脫單險”“ 賞月險”“ 霧霾險”“ 手機(jī)碎屏險” 等這類有新意的趣味保險在一定程度上引起了市場關注和熱(rè)議(yì)，但(dàn)另一方面，這些表面上的産品創新并不持久，會不斷被新生事(shì)物所代替，導緻産品營銷并未超過宣傳熱(rè)度。總體(tǐ)上來(lái)說(shuō)我國的互聯網保險産品有了一定程度上的創新，但(dàn)還(hái)是以線上銷售線下産品爲主，還(hái)需有更具突破性的創新模式。 從(cóng)客戶資源來(lái)看(kàn)，網民(mín)的大(dà)量湧現帶來(lái)了電子商務的迅猛發展，消費者有了新的消費習慣。埃森哲（Accentare）2014 年(nián)調查顯示，中國受訪者中有 93% 表示已準備好網上購(gòu)買保險産品與服務，有 76% 已在使用智能手機(jī)與各種平台的提供商進行溝通。由此可(kě)見(jiàn)，互聯網平台帶來(lái)的客戶資源及産品需求巨大(dà)，同
時這也會帶來(lái)很多潛在的行業競争者，導緻競争加劇(jù)。
從(cóng)技術(shù)層面來(lái)看(kàn)，大(dà)數據的運用有助于掌握準确的客戶信息，網絡技術(shù)使得(de)互聯網對保險公司的意義遠(yuǎn)不止于提供銷售平台，其更大(dà)的功能在于通過先天的信息收集及分(fēn)析優勢，掌握全方位資訊，解讀(dú)客戶行爲及心理(lǐ)，準确判斷客戶需求。因此，保險業需要緊跟時代步伐，在應用大(dà)數據時保持開放(fàng)和積極的态度，遵循客戶至上的理(lǐ)念，否則寶貴的客戶資源和核心技術(shù)都(dōu)可(kě)能會成爲互聯網企業的囊中之物。
互聯網保險發展至今，越來(lái)越多的産品和技術(shù)的出現，給整個行業帶了活力和機(jī)遇，同時也迎來(lái)了更多的困難和挑戰。如(rú)何應對日(rì)益增多的新渠道投訴？如(rú)何真正的做到産銷分(fēn)離(lí)？新入場者會帶來(lái)哪些變革？
啓明星在線作爲專注于互聯網保險的咨詢的公司，将在接下來(lái)的文章(zhāng)中爲您帶來(lái)更詳盡的分(fēn)析。(編輯：啓明星在線）
From :businessinsuranceU.S. commercial property/casualty rates rose 5% on average in the fourth quarter of 2019, up from 4% in the third quarter, reflecting insurers’ intent to continue to increase prices across most lines, online insurance exchange MarketScout Corp. said Monday.“Auto rate increases have been up all year long; however D&O (directors & officers) and professional rate increases have spiked significantly in the fourth quarter,” Richard Kerr, CEO of MarketScout Corp. said in a statement.Insurers are carefully analyzing their property exposures using catastrophe modeling tools, he said. “We expect many of the major property catastrophe insurers to curtail their 2020 writings in California brush and East and Gulf Coast wind areas. Naturally, this will result in higher rates to insureds,” Mr. Kerr said.D&O liability rates increased by 8.25%, while commercial auto increased 8% in the quarter, and professional liability rates were up 6%, and umbrella/excess rates were up 5.5%, according to MarketScout.Commercial property rates increased 5.25% in the quarter, and business interruption rates were up 5%, while all other lines showed smaller increases, except for workers compensation, where rates fell 1%, MarketScout said.By industry class, transportation and habitational saw the highest average rate increases at 9% and 8.25% respectively, MarketScout said.Large accounts – those with $250,001 to $1 million in premium – saw a rate hike of 5.5% in the fourth quarter, as did jumbo accounts, which have more than $1 million in premium. Small accounts – those with up to $25,000 in premium – were up 5%, while medium accounts – those with $25,001 to $250,000 in premium – were up 4.5%.The “steady trend” of upward rates reflects insurers’ plans to continue increasing prices across all lines except for workers compensation, MarketScout said.Organizer：China Insurance Digital & AI Development 2020Web:http://en.zenseegroup.com/p/560573/Contact:Ann 021-65650305
From :insurancejournalIt was a relatively quiet year for the Southeast in terms of major catastrophes compared with 2018 when Hurricane’s Michael and Florence caused major damage in the region. This year, Hurricane Dorian sideswiped the Southeast coast and made landfall on the Outer Banks of North Carolina but most of the area was spared. Still, Aon said economic damage in the U.S. and Canada was poised to approach a combined $1.5 billion.Florida spent the year recovering from Hurricane Michael, which was upgraded to a Category 5 storm by NOAA in April. Florida officials have repeatedly called on the insurance industry to speed up the recovery process, with nearly 12% of claims still open a year after the storm hit.Organizer：China Insurance Digital & AI Development 2020Web:http://en.zenseegroup.com/p/560573/Contact:Ann 021-65650305
From:businessinsuranceeinsurance renewals at Jan. 1, 2020, mainly saw single-digit increases, with some exceptions, according to reports by reinsurance brokers released Thursday.Willis Re, the reinsurance brokerage of Willis Towers Watson PLC, and Guy Carpenter & Co. LLC, a unit of Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc. both reported that year-end reinsurance renewals varied by account and region, but the retrocessional reinsurance was under pressure.Rates on line for property catastrophe reinsurance programs remained stable and property per risk pricing was driven by individual program performance, the Willis report said.Although some Lloyd’s of London syndicates took firm positions on rate increases and the London market authorized capacity decreased, that capactiy was replaced by new capital and a strong supply from other markets, Willis Re said.U.S. loss-free accounts renewed at flat to up 10% while those with losses saw increases of 10% to 50%, the Willis Re report said, which was among the largest increases. Property catastrophe accounts without losses renewed at flat to up 5%, while loss hit accounts were up 10% to 20%, Willis Re said.According to the Guy Carpenter report, the brokerage’s global property catastrophe rate on line index rose 5% in 2019.According to the Willis Re report, other large increases were seen in Central and Eastern Europe, where property programs with losses saw increases of 5% to 20%, and Canada, where such accounts renewed up 10% to 40%.Most other regions and countries saw property increases in the single or low double digits, the report said.The Jan. 1 renewals saw some “difficult” negotiations, according to a letter in the report from James Kent, global CEO, Willis Re.The Guy Carpenter report said the reinsurance market was “asymmetrical,” adding “this is certainly not a one-size-fits-all market” and while overall capacity remained adequate, “allocated capacity tightened notably in stressed classes.”Dedicated reinsurance capital rose 2% in 2019 and the year saw approximately $60 billion in global insured catastrophe losses, according to Guy Carpenter, which was significantly lower than 2017 and 2018.Alternative capital, however, contracted by approximately 7% percent “as investors were more cautious with new investments after assessing market dynamics and pricing adequacy,” Guy Carpenter said.The retrocession market “was challenged … by trapped capital, a lack of new capital and continued redemptions from third-party capital providers,” a statement issued with the Guy Carpenter report said.However, significant retrocession providers returned to the market in the past two weeks, Willis Re said.Organizer：China Insurance Digital & AI Development 2020Web:http://en.zenseegroup.com/p/560573/Contact:Ann 021-65650305
Major information technology companies in India are running the risk of termination of their $1 billion contracts following Boeing Co.’s decision to halt the production of its 737 Max jets, MoneyControl reported citing the Business Standard. Companies like Tata Consultancy Services Ltd., Infosys Ltd., HCL Technologies Ltd., Cyient Ltd. and L&T Technology Services Ltd. have outsourcing contracts with Boeing or its suppliers and Boeing’s jet crisis is expected to affect these IT companies in the short run.From:businessinsuranceOrganizer：China Insurance Digital & AI Development 2020Web:http://en.zenseegroup.com/p/560573/Contact:Ann 021-65650305
France-based eyewear maker Essilor International S.A. has discovered fraudulent activities at one of its factories in Thailand that could cause €190 million ($213 million) in financial losses to the company, The Irish Times reported citing Reuters. The company has filed complaints in Thailand and has fired all the involved employees. It hopes to recover the losses from frozen bank accounts, insurance and lawsuits.Organizer：China Insurance Digital & AI Development 2020Web:http://en.zenseegroup.com/p/560573/Contact:Ann 021-65650305
